Motivation for Learning Foreign Language Research Paper

Motivation for Learning Foreign Language - Research Paper Example Motivation to learn a foreign can also be defined as â€Å"complex of constructs, involving both effort and desire, as well as a favorable attitude toward learning the language at hand† (Winke, 2005, p3). In other words, the learner is encouraged to learn a foreign language because of the underlying factors such as integration into the society using the language. Motivation in learning a foreign language happens when the learners find importance in learning the language of the society they live in. The learners use the language to exchange opinions, and express their thoughts with each other and thus, increasing their urge to learn the language autonomously and continuously. Types of Motivation Motivation can be categorized into integrative motivation and instrumental motivation. Integrative motivation is defined as the learner’s orientation towards learning second language (L2). Successful students in learning a foreign language tend to be those who admire people that speak the target language, like their culture and have the urge of integrating or becoming familiar with the society using the language. When an individual becomes a resident of a certain community that makes use of the target language in its daily interactions, integrative motivation becomes the key element in developing the level of language proficiency. It becomes mandatory for the individual to function socially within the community and becoming one of its members (Norris-Holt, 2001). On the other hand, instrumental motivation is characterized by the need to gain something concrete or practical from the learning of a second language. The goal of acquiring second language in instrumental motivation is utilitarian, for instance, meeting the necessities for university or school graduation, application for a job, reading technical material, attaining higher social status, translation work, or request for high pay based on the language ability. Instrumental motivation is common in in stances where the acquisition of a second language is not important for the learner’s social integration into the society (Norris-Holt, 2001). Both instrumental and integrative motivations are important elements for success but it has been found that integrative motivation sustains long-term success in the learning of a second language. Research shows that integrative motivation is important in the formal learning setting or environment. It is important to note that both instrumental and integrative motivations are not necessarily mutually limited. Learners rarely choose one type of motivation when studying a second language. Instead, the learners combine both orientations. For instance, international students living in the United States learn English for academic reasons and at the same time, they desire to become incorporated with the culture and the people of the country. Motivation is an essential factor in second language achievement. Thus, it is crucial to determine the combination and form of motivation that helps in the effective acquisition of a foreign language (Norris-Holt, 2001). Gardner’s Socio-Educational Model The model identifies factors that are interrelated in learning a second language. It is important to note that motivation to learn a second language is one variable and when combined with other factors, it influences the learner’s success. The work of Gardner focuses on foreign language acquisition in a language classroom. The model tries to interconnect four characteristics of second language

Shri Ram Restaurant - Operations Management Essay

Shri Ram Restaurant - Operations Management - Essay Example Sometimes the customers have been quoted saying that, the services are slow and the rooms squeezed and that people should only go there when they are not in a hurry or are craving for South Indian foods. They have continuously complained that the decor is tacky and the lighting very poor (tripadvisor, 2013). Although the restaurant is well furnished and well equipped with Colourful painted walls, such comments from customers should be seriously treated taking into account that ‘the customer is always right’. Such problems have been causing slow growth of the business due to low customer turnover. To deal with these challenges, Shri Ram Restaurant needs to identify the areas with discrepancies and come up with proper solutions. The main issues that need to be handled are; inventory and capacity management, supply chain management, risk management, lean and waste management, demand forecasting and queuing calculations, quality models, and global and international issues. I n order to complete the customer’s requirements, the restaurant should manage the inventory effectively. Managing finances by use of database is very crucial for effective and accurate use of funds. Quality management remains the key point that forms basis for the business’s main stay and a pacesetter for steadfast growth and expansion.According to Laird and McCutcheon (2002), risk management is the integrated loom to the management of the constant reduction of risks to environment assets, production and people in the industrial setting... Purpose of Case Study The purpose of the study is to better the services of the restaurant through improvement of customers and staff management and production processes. Sometimes the customers have been quoted saying that, the services are slow and the rooms squeezed and that people should only go there when they are not in a hurry or are craving for South Indian foods. They have continuously complained that the decor is tacky and the lighting very poor (tripadvisor, 2013). Although the restaurant is well furnished and well equipped with Colourful painted walls, such comments from customers should be seriously treated taking into account that ‘the customer is always right’. Such problems have been causing slow growth of the business due to low customer turnover. To deal with these challenges, Shri Ram Restaurant needs to identify the areas with discrepancies and come up with proper solutions. The main issues that need to be handled are; inventory and capacity managemen t, supply chain management, risk management, lean and waste management, demand forecasting and queuing calculations, quality models, and global and international issues. In order to complete the customer’s requirements, the restaurant should manage the inventory effectively. Managing finances by use of database is very crucial for effective and accurate use of funds. Quality management remains the key point that forms basis for the business’s main stay and a pacesetter for steadfast growth and expansion. Risk Management According to Laird and McCutcheon (2002), risk management is the integrated loom to the management of the constant reduction of risks to environment assets, production and people in the industrial setting. Chandler (2003)